A Visual Guide to Data Encryption Standard (ECB Mode) Details [Optimized]

The following diagram illustrates the step-by-step details of DES encryption (ECB mode (Electronic Codebook), Version FIPS46-2 (1990-12-30)) and how each bit changes throughout the process.

Plaintext: Key(64-bit hex form): 
// equivalent openssl command (legacy mode)
echo -n 'hello世界😊' | openssl des-ecb -a -nosalt -K a1a2a3a4a5a6a7a8 -provider legacy

Key Concepts

  • Modes & Blocks
  • Initial Permutation
  • Key Schedule
  • 16 Iteration
  • F Function
  • Expansion
  • Substitution
  • Permutation
  • Final Permutation

References